Swaybar Bush
Swaybar Bush market is segmented by region (country), players, by Type and by Application. Player ... Read More
Global and United States TC Amplifier Market Report & Forecast 2024-2031
1 Study Coverage
1.1 TC Amplifier Product Introduction
1.2 Global TC Amplifier Outlook 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
1.2.1 Global TC Amplifier Sales in US$ Million for the Year 2017-2028
1.2.2 Global TC Amplifier Sales in Volume for the Year 2017-2028
1.3 United States TC Amplifier Outlook 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
1.3.1 United States TC Amplifier Sales in US$ Million for the Year 2017-2028
1.3.2 United States TC Amplifier Sales in Volume for the Year 2017-2028
1.4 TC Amplifier Market Size, United States VS Global, 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
1.4.1 The Market Share of United States TC Amplifier in Global, 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
1.4.2 The Growth Rate of TC Amplifier Market Size, United States VS Global, 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
1.5 TC Amplifier Market Dynamics
1.5.1 TC Amplifier Industry Trends
1.5.2 TC Amplifier Market Drivers
1.5.3 TC Amplifier Market Challenges
1.5.4 TC Amplifier Market Restraints
1.6 Study Objectives
1.7 Years Considered
2 Market by Type
2.1 TC Amplifier Market Segment by Type
2.1.1 Head Amplifier
2.1.2 Combo Amplifier
2.1.3 Cabinet Amplifier
2.2 Global TC Amplifier Market Size by Type
2.2.1 Global TC Amplifier Sales in Value, by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028)
2.2.2 Global TC Amplifier Sales in Volume, by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028)
2.2.3 Global TC Amplifier Average Selling Price (ASP) by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028)
2.3 United States TC Amplifier Market Size by Type
2.3.1 United States TC Amplifier Sales in Value, by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028)
2.3.2 United States TC Amplifier Sales in Volume, by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028)
2.3.3 United States TC Amplifier Average Selling Price (ASP) by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028)
3 Market by Application
3.1 TC Amplifier Market Segment by Application
3.1.1 Performance
3.1.2 Practice
3.2 Global TC Amplifier Market Size by Application
3.2.1 Global TC Amplifier Sales in Value, by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028)
3.2.2 Global TC Amplifier Sales in Volume, by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028)
3.3.3 Global TC Amplifier Average Selling Price (ASP) by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028)
3.3 United States TC Amplifier Market Size by Application
3.3.1 United States TC Amplifier Sales in Value, by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028)
3.3.2 United States TC Amplifier Sales in Volume, by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028)
3.3.3 United States TC Amplifier Average Selling Price (ASP) by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028)
4 Global TC Amplifier Competitor Landscape by Company
4.1 Global TC Amplifier Market Size by Company
4.1.1 Top Global TC Amplifier Manufacturers Ranked by Revenue (2021)
4.1.2 Global TC Amplifier Revenue by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
4.1.3 Global TC Amplifier Sales by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
4.1.4 Global TC Amplifier Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
4.2 Global TC Amplifier Concentration Ratio (CR)
4.2.1 TC Amplifier Market Concentration Ratio (CR) (2017-2022)
4.2.2 Global Top 5 and Top 10 Largest Manufacturers of TC Amplifier in 2021
4.2.3 Global TC Amplifier Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
4.3 Global TC Amplifier Manufacturing Base Distribution, Product Type
4.3.1 Global TC Amplifier Manufacturers, Headquarters and Distribution of Producing Region
4.3.2 Manufacturers TC Amplifier Product Type
4.3.3 Date of International Manufacturers Enter into TC Amplifier Market
4.4 Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4.5 United States TC Amplifier Market Size by Company
4.5.1 Top TC Amplifier Players in United States, Ranked by Revenue (2021)
4.5.2 United States TC Amplifier Revenue by Players (2020, 2021 & 2022)
4.5.3 United States TC Amplifier Sales by Players (2020, 2021 & 2022)
5 Global TC Amplifier Market Size by Region
5.1 Global TC Amplifier Market Size by Region: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
5.2 Global TC Amplifier Market Size in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
5.2.1 Global TC Amplifier Sales in Volume by Region: 2017-2022
5.2.2 Global TC Amplifier Sales in Volume Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
5.3 Global TC Amplifier Market Size in Value by Region (2017-2028)
5.3.1 Global TC Amplifier Sales in Value by Region: 2017-2022
5.3.2 Global TC Amplifier Sales in Value by Region: 2023-2028
6 Segment in Region Level & Country Level
6.1 North America
6.1.1 North America TC Amplifier Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028
6.1.2 North America TC Amplifier Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028)
6.1.3 U.S.
6.1.4 Canada
6.2 Asia-Pacific
6.2.1 Asia-Pacific TC Amplifier Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028
6.2.2 Asia-Pacific TC Amplifier Market Facts & Figures by Region (2017, 2022 & 2028)
6.2.3 China
6.2.4 Japan
6.2.5 South Korea
6.2.6 India
6.2.7 Australia
6.2.8 Taiwan
6.2.9 Indonesia
6.2.10 Thailand
6.2.11 Malaysia
6.2.12 Philippines
6.3 Europe
6.3.1 Europe TC Amplifier Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028
6.3.2 Europe TC Amplifier Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028)
6.3.3 Germany
6.3.4 France
6.3.5 U.K.
6.3.6 Italy
6.3.7 Russia
6.4 Latin America
6.4.1 Latin America TC Amplifier Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028
6.4.2 Latin America TC Amplifier Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028)
6.4.3 Mexico
6.4.4 Brazil
6.4.5 Argentina
6.5 Middle East and Africa
6.5.1 Middle East and Africa TC Amplifier Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028
6.5.2 Middle East and Africa TC Amplifier Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028)
6.5.3 Turkey
6.5.4 Saudi Arabia
6.5.5 U.A.E
7 Company Profiles
7.1 Roland
7.1.1 Roland Corporation Information
7.1.2 Roland Description and Business Overview
7.1.3 Roland TC Amplifier Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.1.4 Roland TC Amplifier Products Offered
7.1.5 Roland Recent Development
7.2 Fender
7.2.1 Fender Corporation Information
7.2.2 Fender Description and Business Overview
7.2.3 Fender TC Amplifier Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.2.4 Fender TC Amplifier Products Offered
7.2.5 Fender Recent Development
7.3 Marshall
7.3.1 Marshall Corporation Information
7.3.2 Marshall Description and Business Overview
7.3.3 Marshall TC Amplifier Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.3.4 Marshall TC Amplifier Products Offered
7.3.5 Marshall Recent Development
7.4 Peavey
7.4.1 Peavey Corporation Information
7.4.2 Peavey Description and Business Overview
7.4.3 Peavey TC Amplifier Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.4.4 Peavey TC Amplifier Products Offered
7.4.5 Peavey Recent Development
7.5 Vox
7.5.1 Vox Corporation Information
7.5.2 Vox Description and Business Overview
7.5.3 Vox TC Amplifier Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.5.4 Vox TC Amplifier Products Offered
7.5.5 Vox Recent Development
7.6 Unbranded
7.6.1 Unbranded Corporation Information
7.6.2 Unbranded Description and Business Overview
7.6.3 Unbranded TC Amplifier Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.6.4 Unbranded TC Amplifier Products Offered
7.6.5 Unbranded Recent Development
7.7 Orange
7.7.1 Orange Corporation Information
7.7.2 Orange Description and Business Overview
7.7.3 Orange TC Amplifier Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.7.4 Orange TC Amplifier Products Offered
7.7.5 Orange Recent Development
7.8 Mesa
7.8.1 Mesa Corporation Information
7.8.2 Mesa Description and Business Overview
7.8.3 Mesa TC Amplifier Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.8.4 Mesa TC Amplifier Products Offered
7.8.5 Mesa Recent Development
7.9 Ampeg
7.9.1 Ampeg Corporation Information
7.9.2 Ampeg Description and Business Overview
7.9.3 Ampeg TC Amplifier Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.9.4 Ampeg TC Amplifier Products Offered
7.9.5 Ampeg Recent Development
7.10 Michigan Scientific
7.10.1 Michigan Scientific Corporation Information
7.10.2 Michigan Scientific Description and Business Overview
7.10.3 Michigan Scientific TC Amplifier Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.10.4 Michigan Scientific TC Amplifier Products Offered
7.10.5 Michigan Scientific Recent Development
8 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
8.1 TC Amplifier Industry Chain Analysis
8.2 TC Amplifier Key Raw Materials
8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
8.2.2 TC Amplifier Distributors
8.3 TC Amplifier Production Mode & Process
8.4 TC Amplifier Sales and Marketing
8.4.1 TC Amplifier Sales Channels
8.4.2 TC Amplifier Distributors
8.5 TC Amplifier Customers
9 Research Findings and Conclusion
10 Appendix
10.1 Research Methodology
10.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
10.1.2 Data Source
10.2 Author Details
10.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. TC Amplifier CAGR in Value, United States VS Global, 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
Table 2. TC Amplifier Market Trends
Table 3. TC Amplifier Market Drivers
Table 4. TC Amplifier Market Challenges
Table 5. TC Amplifier Market Restraints
Table 6. Global TC Amplifier Sales by Type: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 7. United States TC Amplifier Sales by Type: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 8. Global TC Amplifier Sales by Application: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 9. United States TC Amplifier Sales by Application: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 10. Top TC Amplifier Manufacturers in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 11. Global TC Amplifier Revenue by Manufacturer, (US$ Million), 2017-2022
Table 12. Global TC Amplifier Revenue Share by Manufacturer, 2017-2022
Table 13. Global TC Amplifier Sales by Manufacturer, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 14. Global TC Amplifier Sales Share by Manufacturer, 2017-2022
Table 15. Global TC Amplifier Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit)
Table 16. Global TC Amplifier Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 17. Global TC Amplifier by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in TC Amplifier as of 2021)
Table 18. Top Players of TC Amplifier in Global Market, Headquarters and Distribution of Producing Region
Table 19. Manufacturers TC Amplifier Product Type
Table 20. Date of International Manufacturers Enter into TC Amplifier Market
Table 21. Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 22. Top TC Amplifier Players in United States Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 23. United States TC Amplifier Revenue by Players, (US$ Million), 2020, 2021 & 2022
Table 24. United States TC Amplifier Revenue Share by Players, 2020, 2021 & 2022
Table 25. United States TC Amplifier Sales by Players, (K Units), 2020, 2021 & 2022
Table 26. United States TC Amplifier Sales Share by Players, 2020, 2021 & 2022
Table 27. Global TC Amplifier Market Size by Region (US$ Million): 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
Table 28. Global TC Amplifier Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 29. Global TC Amplifier Sales in Volume Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 30. Global TC Amplifier Sales in Value by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 31. Global TC Amplifier Sales in Value Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 32. North America TC Amplifier Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Table 33. North America TC Amplifier Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 34. Asia Pacific TC Amplifier Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Table 35. Asia Pacific TC Amplifier Sales in Value by Region (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 36. Europe TC Amplifier Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Table 37. Europe TC Amplifier Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 38. Latin America TC Amplifier Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Table 39. Latin Americaa TC Amplifier Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 40. Middle East and Africa TC Amplifier Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Table 41. Middle East and Africa TC Amplifier Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 42. Roland Corporation Information
Table 43. Roland Description and Business Overview
Table 44. Roland TC Amplifier Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 45. Roland TC Amplifier Product
Table 46. Roland Recent Development
Table 47. Fender Corporation Information
Table 48. Fender Description and Business Overview
Table 49. Fender TC Amplifier Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 50. Fender Product
Table 51. Fender Recent Development
Table 52. Marshall Corporation Information
Table 53. Marshall Description and Business Overview
Table 54. Marshall TC Amplifier Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 55. Marshall Product
Table 56. Marshall Recent Development
Table 57. Peavey Corporation Information
Table 58. Peavey Description and Business Overview
Table 59. Peavey TC Amplifier Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 60. Peavey Product
Table 61. Peavey Recent Development
Table 62. Vox Corporation Information
Table 63. Vox Description and Business Overview
Table 64. Vox TC Amplifier Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 65. Vox Product
Table 66. Vox Recent Development
Table 67. Unbranded Corporation Information
Table 68. Unbranded Description and Business Overview
Table 69. Unbranded TC Amplifier Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 70. Unbranded Product
Table 71. Unbranded Recent Development
Table 72. Orange Corporation Information
Table 73. Orange Description and Business Overview
Table 74. Orange TC Amplifier Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 75. Orange Product
Table 76. Orange Recent Development
Table 77. Mesa Corporation Information
Table 78. Mesa Description and Business Overview
Table 79. Mesa TC Amplifier Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 80. Mesa Product
Table 81. Mesa Recent Development
Table 82. Ampeg Corporation Information
Table 83. Ampeg Description and Business Overview
Table 84. Ampeg TC Amplifier Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 85. Ampeg Product
Table 86. Ampeg Recent Development
Table 87. Michigan Scientific Corporation Information
Table 88. Michigan Scientific Description and Business Overview
Table 89. Michigan Scientific TC Amplifier Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 90. Michigan Scientific Product
Table 91. Michigan Scientific Recent Development
Table 92. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 93. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 94. TC Amplifier Customers List
Table 95. TC Amplifier Distributors List
Table 96. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 97. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 98. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. TC Amplifier Product Picture
Figure 2. Global TC Amplifier Revenue, (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
Figure 3. Global TC Amplifier Market Size 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 4. Global TC Amplifier Sales 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 5. United States TC Amplifier Revenue, (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
Figure 6. United States TC Amplifier Market Size 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 7. United States TC Amplifier Sales 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. United States TC Amplifier Market Share in Global, in Value (US$ Million) 2017-2028
Figure 9. United States TC Amplifier Market Share in Global, in Volume (K Units) 2017-2028
Figure 10. TC Amplifier Report Years Considered
Figure 11. Product Picture of Head Amplifier
Figure 12. Product Picture of Combo Amplifier
Figure 13. Product Picture of Cabinet Amplifier
Figure 14. Global TC Amplifier Market Share by Type in 2022 & 2028
Figure 15. Global TC Amplifier Sales in Value by Type (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 16. Global TC Amplifier Sales Market Share in Value by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 17. Global TC Amplifier Sales by Type (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 18. Global TC Amplifier Sales Market Share in Volume by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 19. Global TC Amplifier Price by Type (2017-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Figure 20. United States TC Amplifier Market Share by Type in 2022 & 2028
Figure 21. United States TC Amplifier Sales in Value by Type (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 22. United States TC Amplifier Sales Market Share in Value by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 23. United States TC Amplifier Sales by Type (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 24. United States TC Amplifier Sales Market Share in Volume by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 25. United States TC Amplifier Price by Type (2017-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Figure 26. Product Picture of Performance
Figure 27. Product Picture of Practice
Figure 28. Global TC Amplifier Market Share by Application in 2022 & 2028
Figure 29. Global TC Amplifier Sales in Value by Application (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 30. Global TC Amplifier Sales Market Share in Value by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 31. Global TC Amplifier Sales by Application (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 32. Global TC Amplifier Sales Market Share in Volume by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 33. Global TC Amplifier Price by Application (2017-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Figure 34. United States TC Amplifier Market Share by Application in 2022 & 2028
Figure 35. United States TC Amplifier Sales in Value by Application (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 36. United States TC Amplifier Sales Market Share in Value by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 37. United States TC Amplifier Sales by Application (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 38. United States TC Amplifier Sales Market Share in Volume by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 39. United States TC Amplifier Price by Application (2017-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Figure 40. North America TC Amplifier Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 41. North America TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 42. U.S. TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 43. Canada TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 44. Europe TC Amplifier Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 45. Europe TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 46. Germany TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 47. France TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 48. U.K. TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 49. Italy TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 50. Russia TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 51. Asia-Pacific TC Amplifier Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 52. Asia-Pacific TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 53. China TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 54. Japan TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 55. South Korea TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 56. India TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 57. Australia TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 58. Taiwan TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 59. Indonesia TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 60. Thailand TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 61. Malaysia TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 62. Philippines TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 63. Latin America TC Amplifier Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 64. Latin America TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 65. Mexico TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 66. Brazil TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 67. Argentina TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 68. Middle East & Africa TC Amplifier Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 69. Middle East & Africa TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 70. Turkey TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 71. Saudi Arabia TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 72. U.A.E TC Amplifier Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 73. TC Amplifier Value Chain
Figure 74. TC Amplifier Production Process
Figure 75. Channels of Distribution
Figure 76. Distributors Profiles
Figure 77. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 78. Data Triangulation
Figure 79. Key Executives Interviewed
Please ask for List of Figures. Request Sample Report
Companies Included in Reports:
Roland Fender Marshall Peavey Vox Unbranded Orange Mesa Ampeg Michigan Scientific